Hi Kiera
The deal about women only earning 77cent to the dollar is not exactly true. It is presented alot as fact but it just doesnt work.
Women for the most part are the main ones that raise children, and make decisions based on this, and accept jobs with more flexibility and miss more hours, days, weeks, months, years of work. This effects thier pay, and advancement. Its a fact.
Male teachers get paid exactly the same on senority as female, doctors, lawyers, and so on.
Women work less hours per year on avg than men that is a fact. It adds up to a huge difference in pay, that can be presented as a unequal pay rate, but its not.
Please understand I am all for women. I am totally against sexism. I dont like it for or against anyone. Its not right in either direction.
While it may be true that women "choose" jobs that are more able to be worked with a family, I don't think it is really a matter of choice. As a student of psychology, sociology and now school counseling, I have done extensive research on how boys and girls are socialized differently. A while back, someone posted a thread about what boys can teach you, and I raised the question why can't girls teach you the same thing?
The fact is that our country (and I'd venture to guess the world) still sees men and women as very different, and needing different things. Boys are socialized (again, just generalizations) to be tough, not show emotion, be competitive, and not get too attached to people. Many girls are raised to be the peacemaker, not choose sides, be rational and practical, choose friends and family above all (and make sure those relationships are strong and thriving), not be competitive, and place her needs behind those of other people. Because of these differences, girls in school tend to have more close friendships and be well-socialized (in the sense that people generally like them), and they also don't go out for as many sports. Girls are still only half as likely as boys in high school to be involved in competitive sports. Boy sin school tend to have many more acquaintances, but not as many close friendships, they tend to hide their emotionality for fear of being sen as weak, and they also tend to lean toward more competitive realms, not just in sports, but also in academics (competing with friends for grades) or social lives (competing for girls).
In the adult world, these differences don't go away, but are rather enhanced. Men are competitive, striving for more money than their peers and trying to win that promotion. Women, having been socialized to believe that putting others' first is ideal, will take the jobs that are offered to them without much negotiation for pay, or demand for more responsibility. They are also told that relationships are more important than anything else, and so family and friends take a higher priority for women than men.
The thing to remember is that this is not entirely biological. Some things can not change. Women breastfeed, men can't. Women give birth, men can't. However, employers should not be able to justify a promotion to a man because a woman decided she wanted a family, when the man may have started one at the same time. Just because medically he did not need time off, does not give him the upper hand in the equation. That is like giving a woman a promotion because a male coworker was in a car accident and was incapacitated for six weeks and unable to work. There is a certain amount of understanding and human-ness that is missing in the world if this is a justifiable excuse for not advancing women.
Granted there are some things that need to be considered with the 77 cent thing. Upon further research into the matter, I did find out that that figure is overall, not per job, which I thought it was. However, why is it that women "choose" careers that pay less? What are these careers? Nurses make less than doctors. Nurses are more often female, doctors male. Nurses also tend to work more closely with patients, and don't require quite as much math and science. So, as far as the socialization piece goes, nursing fits with the traditional women-as-nurturers and bad at math role that girls are forced into by many parents. As far as legal matters, there have been studies done that show that many law careers (and business, for that matter) are advanced outside of the office, on the golf course most often. Women are typically not exposed to golf, as it has been a traditionally male endeavor, (golf actually stands for Gentlemen Only Ladies Forbidden) and is something many men are taught by their fathers. In the legal and business world, then, managers get to know promising young associates by hanging out on the golf course, sharing wisdom, and providing information that will eventually help that young person get a promotion. It is not a conscious thing, just something that many people don't consider when thinking about this subject.
Finally, as a pregnant woman myself, I know that my children will come first for me. However, I also know that I want them to come first for Rob too, and he had better make choices consistent with keeping family at the front of his mind. I also know that women are allowed maternity leave with pay (for 6 weeks, without for 12) under many companies' policies (though I believe the majority offer a reduced pay), however these same companies do not allow this for men. They allow the time of, per FMLA, but they do not allow any financial subsidy for it. This is a way that companies force men to choose family or career, and at a time when women can not make money due to the fact that they can not work because of medical reasons, men HAVE to take the reigns and provide financially, thus missing out on a wonderful experience of being home with a newborn.
So, as stated before, our country has come a long way, but it takes a really long time to change an ideology. Sexism is alive and well, it is just a lot harder to see now, because places and people do such a good job of hiding it and/or justifying it.
Sorry for the long post, everyone!